Glossary
AppletA utility application program [Collins, 1996] AttributeA characteristic quality, other than type or content. [ISO 8879] BodyElement which contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] BrowserSoftware utility or front-end that allows a user to easily access and search through text or a database. [Collins, 1996] ChunkA chunk is a logical sub-set of a hypertext document, one that is to be presented to the reader as a piece. [Berk et al., 1991] ChunkingChunking is the process of determining which information goes into which chunk. [Berk et al., 1991] CollationLit: The gathering of relevant variant forms of the work to be edited and establish the relationship they bear to one another. [Shillingsburg, 1996] IS: The act of collating, to compare and put items in order. [Collins, 1996] ContentLit: Substance or purport, as of a document.[Macquarie, 1981] IS: Characters that occur between the start-tag and end-tag of an element in a document instance. They can be interpreted as data, proper subelements, included subelements, other markup, or a mixture of them. [Goldfarb, 1990] CopyistA transcriber esp. of documents. [Macquarie, 1981] Copy-textA "copy-text" is that state of the text chosen by the editor for emendation in order to produce the reading text of the work. [ASEC, 1994] Critical EditionThe primary goal of a critical edition is the construction of a new text from a plethora of extant materials, each authoritative but deemed corrupt or damaged in some way. [Shillingsburg, 1996] DocumentLit: The physical object (paper and ink) on which, in the act of reading, writing or composing, a text is created or located. [ASEC, 1994] IS: A collection of information that is processed as a unit. [Goldfarb, 1990] Document TypeDocuments are regarded as having types, just as other objects processed by computers do. The type of a document is formally defined by its constituent parts and their structure. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] DTD, Document Type DefinitionA formal specification for the structure of an SGML document. A DTD is expressed in SGML as a set of declarative statements, using a simple syntax defined in the standard. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] Document Type SpecificationA portion of a tag that identifies the document instances within which the tag will be processed. [Goldfarb, 1990] EditionDefined bibliographically as those printings derived from a single setting of type, no matter how many times or in what forms that setting has been reimposed. [ASEC, 1994] ElementThe technical term used in the SGML standard for a textual unit, viewed as a structural component. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] Encoding schemesee Markup Language End-tagDescriptive markup that identifies the end of an element. [Goldfarb, 1990] EntityA collection of characters that can be referenced as a unit. [Goldfarb, 1990] EtagoEnd-TAG Open. This is a two character delimiter that indicates the beginning of an end tag – normally " </". [Goldfarb, 1990]FAQFrequently Asked Questions. FileKeyCompound authentication code consisting of a file identifier and a Manipulation Detection Code that is used to determine if a transcription file is authentic. [ibid] Generic IdentifierA name that identifies the element type of an element. [Goldfarb, 1990] HeaderIS: Information at the beginning of a list of data relating to the rest of the data. [Collins, 1996] Lit: Words at the top of a page of a document (such as title, author’s name, page number, etc.) [Collins, 1996] HTML, HyperText Markup LanguageHyperText Markup Language. An SGML application developed at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1989 which is used for creating documents on the World Wide Web. Instance, of a document typeA document marked up so as to conform to a specific SGML DTD. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] InstantiationThe creation of an instance of a document type. ISO 646International Reference Version which defines a standard seven-bit character set. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] ISO 8879Standard which defines the Standard Generalised Markup Language. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] JITM, Just In Time MarkupJust In Time Markup scheme developed for this project. [ibid.] MarkupLit: Historically, the word markup has been used to describe annotation or other marks within a text intended to instruct a compositor or typist how a particular passage should be printed or laid out. [ASEC, 1994] IS: Text that is added to the data of a document in order to convey information about it. [Goldfarb, 1990] Markup LanguageA set of markup conventions used together for encoding texts. A markup language must specify what markup is allowed, what markup is required, how markup is to be distinguished from text, and what the markup means. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] Mark upTo add markup to a document. [Goldfarb, 1990] Meta-dataNon-textual information about the text. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] MetalanguageA language or code used to discuss a given object language or some aspects of it, as the syntax. [Macquarie, 1981] Minimisation RulesThese rules determine whether or not start- and end-tags must be present in every occurrence of the element concerned. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] ParadigmAn example or pattern, ... Transferred uses, meaning "a theoretical framework", have been particularly common in the 20th century. [Burchfield, 1996] ParserIf documents are of known types, a special purpose program (called a parser) can be used to process a document claiming to be of a particular type and check that all the elements required for that document type are indeed present and correctly ordered. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] PerspectiveThe content of an electronic edition marked up for a specific use using the JITM paradigm. [ibid.] Reading TextAn emended copy-text chosen by the editor as best representing the work. Markup within the reading text allows the reader to identify the authority of a particular reading. [ASEC, 1994] SGML, Standard Generalised Markup LanguageSGML is an international standard (ISO 8879) for the definition of device-independent, system-independent methods of representing texts in electronic form. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] SpanAn arbitrary segment of text, not necessarily defined by any delimiting characters. StagoStart-TAG Open. This is a delimiter that indicates the beginning of an start-tag – normally " <". [Goldfarb, 1990]Start-tagDescriptive markup that identifies the start of an element and specifies its generic identifier and attributes. [Goldfarb, 1990] State, aCommonly used to refer to a textual document, whether printed or not, containing a textual form (i.e. version) of a literary work. [ASEC, 1994] TagDescriptive markup [Goldfarb, 1990] TagcTAG Close. The tag closing delimiter string – normally " >". [Goldfarb, 1990]TagRecordAn SGML element containing the information for marking up a specific tag in a transcription file. [ibid.] Tag MinimisationA feature of SGML that allows markup to be minimised by shortening or omitting tags, or shortening entity references. [Goldfarb, 1990] Text ElementGeneric term for a number of existing TEI elements which have the property that they only contain text. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] TEI, Text Encoding InitiativeThe TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) is an international cooperative project established in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Association for Computers and the Humanities, the Association for Computational Linguistics, and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing. [Sperberg-McQueen et al., 1994] Text, aLit: A sequence of words and punctuation. [ASEC, 1994] IS: Characters. [Goldfarb, 1990] Textual ApparatusThe textual apparatus notates the textual materials (listings of variants) on which the editing was based. [ASEC, 1994] TransclusionA part of a document being in two or more places at once. [GET REFERENCE] TranscriptionA transcript; a copy. [Macquarie, 1981] UserA person who uses a computer or machine or software. [Collins, 1996] Variant, aA variant reading (variant for short) is a difference in wording or punctuation etc. between any two states of the same work. [ASEC, 1994] Word TokensA word token is defined as all characters between two word token delimiters [ibid.] Word Token DelimitersDefined as the space character for the prototype developed for this project. [ibid.] Work, aThe message or experience implied by the authoritative versions of a literary writing. Usually the variant forms have the same name. Sometimes there will be disagreement over whether a variant form is in fact a variant version or a separate work. [Shillingsburg, 1996] |